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1 εἰς
εἰς or [full] ἐς, PREP. WITH ACC. ONLY:—both forms are found in Hom., [dialect] Ion. poets, and early metrical Inscrr.; ἐς is best attested in Hdt. and Hp., and is found in nearly all early [dialect] Ion. Inscrr. (exc. IG12(8).262.16 (Thasos, v B. C.), ib.7.235.1 (Oropus, iv B. C.)); εἰς in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. from iv B. C., IG2.115, etc.; and usu. in [dialect] Att. Prose (exc. Th.) and Com. (exc. in parody): Trag. apptly. prefer εἰς, but ἐς is used before vowels metri gr.; ἐς was retained in the phrases ἐς κόρακας (whence the Verb σκορακίζω) , ἐς μακαρίαν. [dialect] Aeol. poets have εἰς before vowels, ἐς before consonants, and this is given as the rule in Hom. by An.Ox. 1.172, cf. Hellad. ap. Phot.Bibl.p.533B. (Orig. ἐνς, as in IG4.554.7 ([place name] Argos), GDI4986.11 ([place name] Crete); cf. ἐν, ἰν. The diphthong is genuine in [dialect] Aeol. εἰς, but spurious in [dialect] Att.-[dialect] Ion.) Radical senseA into, and then more loosely, to:I OF PLACE, the oldest and commonest usage, εἰς ἅλα into or to the sea, Il.1.141, al.;εἰς ἅλαδε Od.10.351
;ἔς ῥ' ἀσαμίνθους 4.48
; ἐς οἶνον βάλε φάρμακον ib. 220; freq. of places, to,εἰς Εὔβοιαν 3.174
; ἐς Αἴγυπτον, etc., Hdt.1.5, etc.; ἐς Μίλητον into the territory of Miletus, ib.14;εἰς Ἑλλήσποντον εἰσέπλει X.HG1.1.2
;ἀφίκετο εἰς Μήδους πρὸς Κυαξάρην Id.Cyr.2.1.2
; εἰς ἅρματα βαίνειν to step into.., Il.8.115;εἰς ἐλάτην ἀναβῆναι 14.287
; opp. ἐκ, in such phrases as ἐς σφυρὸν ἐκ πτέρνης, ἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς, from heel to ankle-joint, from head to foot, 22.397, 23.169;ἐκ πάτου ἐς σκοπιήν 20.137
;ἐς μυχὸν ἐξ οὐδοῦ Od.7.87
; κἠς ἔτος ἐξ ἔτεος from year to year, Theoc. 18.15: with Verbs implying motion or direction, as of looking,ἰδεῖν εἰς οὐρανόν Il.3.364
; εἰς ὦπα ἰδέσθαι to look in the face, 9.373, etc.; εἰς ὦπα ἔοικεν he is like in face (sc. ἰδόντι), 3.158, etc.; ἐς ὀφθαλμούς τινος ἐλθεῖν to come before another's eyes, 24.204;ἐς ὄψιν ἀπικνέεσθαί τινος Hdt.1.136
;καλέσαι τινὰ ἐς ὄψιν Id.5.106
, etc.; ἐς ταὐτὸν ἥκειν come to the same point, E.Hipp. 273: less freq. after a Subst.,ὁδὸς ἐς λαύρην Od.22.128
; τὸ ἐς Παλλήνην τεῖχος facing Pallene, Th.1.56;ξύνοδος ἐς τὴν Δῆλον Id.3.104
, cf.Pl.Tht. 173d.b [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion., also c. acc. pers. ([dialect] Att. ὡς, πρός, παρά), Il.7.312, 15.402, Od.14.127, Hdt.4.147; also in [dialect] Att. with collective Nouns,ἐς τὸν δῆμον παρελθόντες Th. 5.45
, or plurals,εἰς ὑμᾶς εἰσῆλθον D.18.103
; esp. of consulting an oracle,ἐς θεὸν ἐλθεῖν Pi.O.7.31
;εἰς Ἄμμων' ἐλθόντες Ar.Av. 619
.2 with Verbs expressing restin a place, when a previous motion into or to it is implied, ἐς μέγαρον κατέθηκεν ἐπὶ θρόνου he put it in the house (i.e. he brought it into the house, and put it there), Od.20.96; ἐς θρόνους ἕζοντο they sat them down upon the seats, 4.51, cf. 1.130; ἐφάνη λὶς εἰς ὁδόν the lion appeared in the path, Il.15.276;ἀπόστολος ἐς τὴν Μίλητον ἦν Hdt.1.21
(s. v.l.); ;ἐς κώμην παραγίνονται Id.1.185
;παρῆν ἐς Σάρδις Id.6.1
;ἐς δόμους μένειν S.Aj.80
(cod. Laur.);ἐς τὴν νῆσον κατέκλῃσε Th.1.109
, cf. Hdt.3.13; ἀπόβασιν ποιήσασθαι ἐς .. Th.2.33, etc.; later used like ἐν, τὴν γῆν εἰς ἣν ὑμεῖς κατοικεῖτε LXX Nu.35.34;τὸ χρυσίον ὃ εἰλήφεσαν εἰς Ῥώμην D.S.14.117
;οἰκεῖν εἰς τὰ Ὕπατα Luc.Asin.1
;εἰς Ἐκβάτανα ἀποθανεῖν Ael.VH7.8
;εἰς ἅπασαν τὴν γῆν Suid.
s.v. Καλλίμαχος: generally,τοὔνομα εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα, φασίν, Ἱππομιγὴς δύναται Ael.VH9.16
.3 with Verbs of saying or speaking, εἰς relates to the persons to or before whom one speaks, εἰπεῖν ἐς πάντας, ἐς πάντας αὔδα, Hdt.8.26, S.OT93;λέγειν εἰς τὸ μέσον τῶν ταξιάρχων X.Cyr. 3.3.7
; : with other Verbs, ; ; ἐπαχθὴς ἦν ἐς τοὺς πολλούς Id.6.54; ;διαβεβλῆσθαι εἴς τινα Pl.R. 539c
.4 elliptical usages,a after Verbs which have no sense of motion to or into a place, τὴν πόλιν ἐξέλιπον εἰς χωρίον ὀχυρόν they quitted the city for a strong position, i.e. to seek a strong position, X.An.1.2.24; γράμματα ἑάλωσαν εἰς Ἀθήνας letters were captured [and sent] to Athens, Id.HG1.1.23, cf. Pl.R. 468a;ἀνίστασθαι ἐς Ἄργος E.Heracl.59
, cf. Pl.Phd. 116a.b participles signifying motion are freq. omitted with εἰς, τοῖς στρατηγοῖς τοῖς εἰς Σικελίαν (sc. ἀποδειχθεῖσιν) And.1.11, etc.c c. gen., mostly of proper names, as εἰς Ἀΐδαο, [dialect] Att. εἰς Ἅιδου [δόμους], Il.21.48; ἐς Ἀθηναίης [ἱερόν] to the temple of Athena, 6.379; ἐς Πριάμοιο [οἶκον] 24.160, cf. 309; εἰς Αἰγύπτοιο [ῥόον] Od.4.581;ἐς τοῦ Κλεομένεος Hdt.5.51
;εἰς Ἀσκληπιοῦ Ar.Pl. 411
;ἐπὶ δεῖπνον [ἰέναι] εἰς Ἀγάθωνος Pl.Smp. 174a
: with Appellatives, ἀνδρὸς ἐς ἀφνειοῦ to a rich man's house, Il.24.482;ἐς πατρός Od.2.195
; πέμπειν εἰς διδασκάλων send to school, X.Lac.2.1;εἰς δ. φοιτᾶν Pl.Prt. 326c
; ἐς σεωυτοῦ, ἑωυτοῦ, Hdt.1.108, 9.108, etc.II OF TIME,1 to denote a certain point or limit of time, up to, until,ἐς ἠῶ Od.11.375
; ἐς ἠέλιον καταδύντα till sunset, 9.161 (but also, towards or near sunset, 3.138);ἐκ νεότητος ἐς γῆρας Il.14.86
;ἐκ παιδὸς ἐς γῆρας Aeschin.1.180
; ἐς ἐμέ up to my time, Hdt.1.92, al.: with Advbs., εἰς ὅτε (cf. ἔς τε) against the time when.., Od.2.99; εἰς πότε; until when ? how long ? S.Aj. 1185 (lyr., cf.εἰσόκἐ; εἰς ὁπότε Aeschin.3.99
; ἐς τί; = εἰς πότε; Il.5.465; ἐς ὅ until, Hdt.1.93, etc.;ἐς οὗ Id.1.67
, 3.31, etc.;ἐς τόδε Id.7.29
, etc.2 to determine a period, εἰς ἐνιαυτόν for a year, i.e. a whole year, Il.19.32, Od.4.526; within the year, ib.86 (cf.ἐς ἐνίαυτον Alc.Supp.8.12
);εἰς ὥρας Od.9.135
; ἐς θέρος ἢ ἐς ὀπώρην for the summer, i.e. throughout it, 14.384; ἡ εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν κειμένη δαπάνη εἰς τὸν μῆνα δαπανᾶται the expenditure for a year is expended in the month, X.Oec.7.36;μισθοδοτεῖν τινὰς εἰς ἓξ μῆνας D.S.19.15
;χοίνικα κριθῶν εἰς τέσσαρας ἡμέρας διεμέτρει Posidon. 36J.
; εἰς ἑσπέραν ἥκειν to come at even, Ar.Pl. 998; εἰς τρίτην ἡμέραν or εἰς τρίτην alone, on the third day, in two days, Pl.Hp.Ma. 286b, X.Cyr.5.3.27;ἥκειν ἐς τὴν ὑστεραίαν Id.An.2.3.25
;ἥκειν εἰς τὸ ἔαρ Hell.Oxy.17.4
; ἐς τέλος at last, Hdt.3.40; ἐς καιρόν in season, Id.4.139; οὐκ ἐς ἀναβολάς, ἀμβολάς, with no delay, Id.8.21, E.Heracl. 270, etc.; ἐς τότε at this time, v.l. in Od.7.317 (but εἰς τότε at that time (in the [tense] fut.), D.14.24, Pl.Lg. 830b); ἐς ὕστερον or τὸ ὕστερον, Od.12.126, Th.2.20: with Advbs.,ἐς αὔριον Il.8.538
, Pl. Lg. 858b;ἔς περ ὀπίσσω Od.20.199
;ἐς αὖθις Th.4.63
(v. εἰσαῦθις (; ἐς αὐτίκα μάλ' Ar. Pax 367; εἰς ἔπειτα (v. εἰσέπειτα (; ἐς τὸ ἔ., Th.2.64;ἐς ὀψέ Id.8.23
; εἰς ἅπαξ, v. εἰσάπαξ; εἰς ἔτι, v. εἰσέτι.III to express MEASURE OR LIMIT, without reference to Time, ἐς δίσκουρα λέλειπτο was left behind as far as a quoit's throw, Il.23.523; ἐς δραχμὴν διέδωκε paid them as much as a drachma, Th.8.29;ἱματισμὸν ζητῆσαι εἰς δύο τάλαντα Thphr.Char.23.8
; so ἐς τὰ μάλιστα to the greatest degree, Hdt.1.20, etc.;ἐς τοσοῦτο τύχης ἀπίκευ Id.1.124
;εἰς τοσοῦτο ἥκειν Lys.27.10
; ; ἐς ὅ ἐμέμνηντο so far as they remembered, Th.5.66;ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον Hdt.7.229
, etc.;εἰς ἅλις Theoc.25.17
.2 freq. with Numerals,ἐς τριακάδας δέκα ναῶν A.Pers. 339
; ναῦς ἐς τὰς τετρακοσίας, διακοσίας, to the number of 400, etc., Th.1.74, 100, etc.; εἰς ἕνα, εἰς δύο, εἰς τέσσαρας, one, two, four deep, X.Cyr.2.3.21; but εἰς τέσσαρας four abreast, Aen.Tact.40.6: with Advbs., ἐς τρίς or ἐστρίς thrice, Pi.O.2.68, Hdt.1.86; of round numbers, about, X.An.1.1.10.4IV to express RELATION, towards, in regard to,ἐξαμαρτεῖν εἰς θεούς A.Pr. 945
, etc.; ἁμάρτημα εἴς τινα, αἰτίαι ἐς ἀλλήλους, Isoc.8.96, Th.1.66; ;ἔχθρη ἔστινα Hdt.6.65
;φιλία ἐς ἀμφοτέρους Th.2.9
; λέγειν ἐς .. Hdt.1.86;γνώμη ἀποδεχθεῖσα ἐς τὴν γέφυραν Id.4.98
;ἡ ἐς γῆν καὶ θάλασσαν ἀρχή Th.8.46
.b of the subject of a work, esp. in titles, e.g.τὰ ἐς Ἀπολλώνιον Philostr. VA
; of the object of a dedication, as in titles of hymns, ἐπινίκια, etc.2 in regard to,πρῶτος εἰς εὐψυχίαν A.Pers. 326
; , cf. Eq.90;διαβάλλειν τινὰ ἔς τι Th.8.88
;αἰτία ἐπιφερομένη ἐς μαλακίαν Id.5.75
;μέμφεσθαι εἰς φιλίαν X.An.2.6.30
;εἰς τὰ πολεμικὰ καταφρονεῖσθαι Id.HG7.4.30
; ; in respect of,εὐτυχεῖν ἐς τέκνα E.Or. 542
, cf. Pl.Ap. 35b, etc.;εἰς χρήματα ζημιοῦσθαι Id.Lg. 774b
, cf. D.22.55; ἐς τὰ ἄλλα Th.I.I;εἰς ἄπαντα S.Tr. 489
;ἐς τὰ πάνθ' ὁμῶς A.Pr. 736
;εἰς μὲν ταῦτα Pl.Ly. 210a
; τό γ' εἰς ἑαυτόν, τὸ εἰς ἐμέ, S.OT 706, E. IT 691, cf. S.Ichn.346; ;ἐς πλείονας οἰκεῖν Id.2.37
; for τελεῖν ἐς Ἕλληνας, Βοιωτούς, ἄνδρας, etc., v. τελέω.3 of Manner,ἐς τὸν νῦν τρόπον Id.1.6
;τίθεμεν τἆλλα εἰς τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον; Pl.R. 353d
;ἐς ἓν μέλος Theoc.18.7
: freq. periphr. for Advbs., ἐς κοινὸν φράζειν, λέγειν, A.Pr. 844, Eu. 408; ἐς τὸ πᾶν, = πάντως, Id.Ag. 682(lyr.); ἐς τάχος, = ταχέως, Ar.Ach. 686; ἐς εὐτέλειαν, = εὐτελῶς, Id.Av. 805;ἐς τἀρχαῖον Id.Nu. 593
;εἰς καλόν S. OT78
, cf. Pl.Phd. 76e;ἐς δέον γεγονέναι Hdt.1.119
, cf. S.OT 1416, and v. δέον.V ofan end or limit, ἔρχεσθαι, τελευτᾶν, λήγειν ἐς.., to end in.., Hdt.1.120,3.125,4.39, etc.;ἐς ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα ου,ρον ἀνθρώπῳ προτίθημι Id.1.32
; καταξαίνειν ἐς φοινικίδα to cut into red rags, Ar.Ach. 320 (troch.);στρέφειν τι εἰς αἷμα Apoc.11.6
; εἰς ἄνδρας ἐκ μειρακίων τελευτᾶν, εἰς ἄνδρα γενειᾶν, Pl.Tht. 173b, Theoc.14.28;ἐκτρέφειν τὸ σπέρμα εἰς καρπόν X.Oec.17.10
: so with εἶναι or γίγνομαι to form a predicate,ἔσται εἰς ἔθνη LXXGe.17.16
; ἐγενήθη εἰς γυναῖκα ib.20.12; πιστὸς (sc.ἦν) εἰς προφήτην ib.IKi.3.20;ἐγένετο εἰς δένδρον Ev.Luc.13.19
,al.2 of Purpose or Object, εἰπεῖν εἰς ἀγαθόν, πείσεται εἰς ἀγαθόν, for good, for his good, Il.9.102,11.789;εἰς ἀγαθὰ μυθεῖσθαι 23.305
;ἐς πόλεμον θωρήξομαι 8.376
, cf. Hdt.7.29, etc.; ἐς φόβον to cause fear, Il.15.310;ἐς ὑποδήματα δεδόσθαι Hdt.2.98
;κόσμος ὁ εἰς ἑορτάς X.Oec.9.6
;ἐπιτηδεότατος, εὐπρεπής, ἔς τι Hdt.1.115
,2.116; εἰς κάλλος ζῆν to live for show, X.Cyr.8.1.33, cf. Ages. 9.1;ἐς δαίτην ἐκάλεσσε Call.Aet.1.1.5
;εἰς κέρδος τι δρᾶν S.Ph.
III; ; ; εἰς τὸ πρᾶγμα εἶναι to be pertinent, to the purpose, D.36.54; freq. of expenditure on an object, IG22.102.11, 116.41, al.;ἐς τὸ δέον Ar.Nu. 859
, etc.; ἐς δᾷδα ib. 612.B POSITION: εἰς is sts. parted from its acc. by several words,εἰς ἀμφοτέρω Διομήδεος ἅρματα βήτην Il.8.115
; : seldom (only in Poets) put after its case, Il.15.59, Od.3.137,15.541, S.OC 126(lyr.): after an Adv.,αὔριον ἔς· τῆμος δὲ.. Od.7.318
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2 ζητέω
ζητέω impf. ἐζήτουν; fut. ζητήσω; 1 aor. ἐζήτησα. Pass.: impf. sg. ἐζητεῖτο Hb 8:7; 1 fut. ζητηθήσομαι; aor. ἐζητήθην (LXX; AcPlCor 2:8; 1) (s. two next entries; Hom.+).① try to find someth., seek, look for in order to find (s. εὑρίσκω 1a)ⓐ what one possessed and has lost, w. acc. τινά Mt 28:5; Mk 1:37; Lk 2:48f; J 6:24, 26; 7:34, 36. τί Mt 18:12; Lk 19:10; AcPlCor 2:8 (ParJer 5:12). Abs. Lk 15:8.ⓑ what one desires somehow to bring into relation w. oneself or to obtain without knowing where it is to be found τινά 2 Ti 1:17; J 18:4, 7f; Ac 10:19, 21. ζητεῖν τ. θεόν, εἰ ἄρα γε αὐτὸν εὕροιεν search for God, in the hope that they may find him 17:27 (cp. Wsd 1:1; 13:6; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 36; Tat. 13, 2); Ro 10:20 (Is 65:1). τί Mt 2:13; 12:43; 13:45 (in the special sense seek to buy as X., Cyr. 2, 2, 26; Theophr., Char. 23, 8 ἱματισμὸν ζητῆσαι εἰς δύο τάλαντα); Lk 11:24. τὶ ἔν τινι someth. on someth. fruit on a tree 13:6f. Abs. Mt 7:7f; Lk 11:9f (ζήτει καὶ εὑρήσεις Epict. 4, 1, 51).ⓒ be on the search for look for, search out τινά someone Mk 3:32; Ac 9:11; IPol 4:2. For the purpose of arrest, pass. GPt 7:26; MPol 3:2.② to seek information, investigate, examine, consider, deliberate (X., Cyr. 8, 5, 13; Lucian, Hermot. 66; Aelian, VH 2, 13; 4 Macc 1:13; Just., D. 28, 1 τὸ ζητούμενον ‘question, problem’; cp. דרשׁ in post-bibl. Hebr. and Aram.: Dalman, Aram.-neuhebr. Handwörterbuch2 1922; HStrack, Einleitg. in Talmud u. Midraš5 1921, 4) παραλόγως ζ. engage in irrational investigations Dg 11:1. ἐν ἑαυτῷ ζ. περί τινος ponder someth. Hs 2:1. περὶ τούτου ζητεῖτε μετʼ ἀλλήλων ὅτι; are you deliberating with each other on the fact that? J 16:19 (Just., D. 19, 1 al.). W. indir. discourse foll. consider (Diod S 1, 51, 6 πόσαι …; Tat. 26, 1 τίς ὁ θεός; 29, 1 ὅτῳ τρόπῳ) πῶς Mk 11:18; 14:1, 11. τί Lk 12:29. τὸ πῶς 22:2. εἰ B 11:1.—As legal t.t. investigate (Dinarchus 1, 8; POxy 237 VI, 41; 726, 16; O. Theb 134, 4; EBickermann, RHR 112, ’35, 214f) ἔστιν ὁ ζητῶν κ. κρίνων there is one who investigates and judges J 8:50b (cp. Philo, De Jos. 174). J 11:56 may also have this technical sense.③ to devote serious effort to realize one’s desire or objective, strive for, aim (at), try to obtain, desire, wish (for)ⓐ desire to possess τὶ someth. (Lucian, Hermot. 66 τ. εὐδαιμονίαν; Just., D. 102, 6 σωτηρίαν καὶ βοήθειαν) τ. βασιλείαν Mt 6:33; Lk 12:31. εὐκαιρίαν Mt 26:16; Lk 22:6. ψευδομαρτυρίαν Mt 26:59; cp. Mk 14:55. τὴν δόξαν J 5:44; 7:18; 8:50a. τιμὴν κ. ἀφθαρσίαν Ro 2:7; cp. 1 Cor 7:27b; 2 Cor 12:14; Col 3:1; 1 Pt 3:11 (Ps 33:15).ⓑ wish for, aim at τὶ someth. τὸν θάνατον Rv 9:6. λύσιν 1 Cor 7:27a. τὸ θέλημά τινος be intent on someone’s will=aim to satisfy it J 5:30. τὸ σύμφορόν τινος someone’s benefit (Hermogenes 283 p. 301, 11 R. v.l. ἐμοῦ … οὐ τὸ Φιλίππου συμφέρον ζητοῦντος [a citation of Dem. 18, 30, which reads Φιλίππῳ]) 1 Cor 10:33; τὰ (τὸ) ἑαυτοῦ ζητεῖν strive for one’s own advantage 10:24; 13:5; Phil 2:21.ⓒ w. interrog. pron. τί ζητεῖτε; (cp. Gen 37:15) what do you want? J 1:38; cp. 4:27 (JFoster, ET 52, ’40/41, 37f).ⓓ w. inf. foll. (Hdt. 3, 137) mostly aor. (Plut., Thes. 35, 6; SIG 372, 7; Wsd 8:2; Sir 7:6; 27:1; Tob 5:14 BA; TestSol 15:7; Jos., Ant. 11, 174; 13, 7) Mt 12:46; 21:46; Mk 12:12; Lk 5:18; 9:9; 11:54 v.l.; 17:33; J 5:18; 7:1; Ac 13:7 D, 8; 16:10 (cp. 3 Km 11:22); Ro 10:3; Gal 2:17. Rarely the pres. inf. (X., An. 5, 4, 33; Esth 8:12c) Lk 6:19; Gal 1:10 (ζ. ἀρέσκειν as Ael. Aristid. 34, 39 K.=50 p. 560 D.)—ἵνα for the inf. 1 Cor 14:12.ⓔ OT lang. apparently is reflected in ζ. τὴν ψυχήν τινος seek the life of someone Mt 2:20 (cp. Ex 4:19); Ro 11:3 (3 Km 19:10); cp. also 3 Km 19:14; Sir 51:3; Ps 34:4; 37:13; 39:15; 53:5; 62:10; 85:14.④ ask for, request, demand τὶ someth. σημεῖον Mk 8:12. σοφίαν 1 Cor 1:22. δοκιμήν 2 Cor 13:3. τινά J 4:23. τὶ παρά τινος demand someth. fr. someone (Demosth. 4, 33; Sir 7:4; 28:3; 1 Esdr 8:50; Tob 4:18) Mk 8:11; Lk 11:16; 12:48. Also τὶ ἀπό τινος B 21:6. ζητεῖται ἐν τ. οἰκονόμοις ἵνα it is required of managers that 1 Cor 4:2 (AFridrichsen, ConNeot 7, ’42, 5).—B. 655; 764. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.
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